The CEA 'Go-Normal' Phenomenon: Why Affected Dogs Appear to Outgrow It
Why some CEA-affected puppies look clear by adulthood. Go-normal is pigment masking, not healing, and the dog stays affected for breeding decisions.
Optical Coherence Tomography in CEA Diagnosis: What the Scans Actually Show
A practical guide to OCT imaging of Collie Eye Anomaly. How spectral-domain OCT visualizes choroidal hypoplasia and colobomas, and when the technology changes clinical decisions.
Choroidal Hypoplasia Grading: What the Numbers Mean for Your Breeding Programme
A detailed guide to choroidal hypoplasia grading scales in Collie Eye Anomaly. How ophthalmologists classify severity, what each grade means clinically, and how to incorporate grading data into breeding decisions.
CEA Explained: Understanding the Spectrum of Severity
A comprehensive guide to Collie Eye Anomaly, from mild choroidal hypoplasia to severe colobomas. Understanding why the same genetic mutation produces vastly different clinical outcomes.